![]() These downloads have been contributed by users and usually help deal with special circumstances. Gpg: Good signature from "Tunnelblick Security " Gpg: Signature made Sat Dec 16 19:17:03 2017 EST The result should be similar to the following: Gpg -verify path-to-the-signature-file path-to-the-disk-image-file To verify the signature of a file, download the corresponding signature file and then type the following into /Applications/Utilities/Terminal: Gpg -import TunnelblickSecurityPublicKey.asc. To prepare for verifying signatures, you should download and install GnuPG 2.2.3 or higher, and then add the Tunnelblick Security GnuPG public key (key ID 6BB9367E, fingerprint 76DF 975A 1C56 4277 4FB0 9868 FF5F D80E 6BB9 367E) to your trusted GnuPG keyring by typing the following into /Applications/Utilities/Terminal: Recent Tunnelblick disk images are also signed with GnuPG version 2. So you would type ' shasum -a 256 ' - with a space after the "256" - and then drag/drop the disk image file anywhere in the Terminal window.)įor additional assurance that the hashes displayed on this site have not been compromised, the hashes are also available in the description of each "Release" on Tunnelblick's GitHub site, which is hosted and administered separately from this site. The pointer will turn into a green and white plus sign ("+") to indicate the path will be dropped. An easy way to get it into Terminal is to drag/drop the file anywhere in the Terminal window. (Don't type ' path-to-the-file' - type the path to the file, that is, the sequence of folders that contain the file plus the file name (e.g. Then compare the computed hashes with the values shown near the link for the downloaded file. To compute the hashes of a file you've downloaded, type the following into /Applications/Utilities/Terminal: You can compare the hashes with programs included with macOS without the need to install additional software. dmg format, and the application's macOS digital signature provide some protection, they can be circumvented.Ĭomparing the SHA256, SHA1, and MD5 hashes of your downloaded file with the official published ones will provide additional assurance that the download is legitimate and has not been modified. Tunnelblick Uninstaller 1.12 (build 5090, macOS and OS X 10.7.5+, Intel-64 only, works on M1 using Rosetta) released Release Notes Please read Uninstalling Tunnelblick before using Tunnelblick Uninstaller. The Tunnelblick Uninstaller has been replaced by an "Uninstall" button on the "Utilities" panel of Tunnelblick's "VPN Details" window as of Tunnelblick 3.8.5beta02. ![]() Includes versions for earlier versions of macOS and OS X. Tunnelblick 3.8.8a (build 5776, macOS 10.10+, Universal, notarized) released Release Notes Tunnelblick 4.0.0beta05 (build 5850, macOS 10.10+, Universal, notarized) released Release Notes We just supply open technology for fast, easy, private, and secure control of VPNs. There are no ads, no affiliate marketers, no tracking - we don't even keep logs of your IP address or other information. ![]() See Stable vs. Beta for details.Īs a Free Software project, Tunnelblick puts its users first. To be notified of new releases, use Tunnelblick's built-in update mechanism or subscribe to the Tunnelblick Announce Mailing List.īeta versions are suitable for many users. Downloading and Installing on macOS Mojave and Higher
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The only exception is “Donate Generously” which adds +3. Note: All tenets from tier 1 to tier 4 provide +1 to your Holy Site cap. +25 money per alliance +3 maximum holy sites That is you can get the AI to give them to you. +20 stability in territories that follow a foreign religion Also you get grievances/claims to any territory with believers in them. +10 war support when an empire refuses demands or breaks an agreement +1 land and naval movement -10% unit industry cost Indeed, the most honorable of you in the sight of God is the most pious. +10 war support when making demands +1 war support per turn when there are active demandsĥ stability from Garrisons +1 combat strength for units that are adjacent to districts and Garrisons O Humankind, verily we created you from male and female and made you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another. 25% cost of enacting and canceling civics +10 war support when winning a battle and when an opponent retreats +5 science from strategic resource deposits +25 experience when training units -1 unit upkeep cost ![]() ![]() Beware, though, because the tenets chosen by the AI will no longer be available to you (and vice versa). Religious tenets in Humankind are broken down into tiers, and you’re only allowed to choose one from each. Having more faith and religious followers allows you to unlock religious tenets. Elie Wiesel speaks at the Faith in Humankind conference, held several years before the opening of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. ![]() When reviewing Seamus Heaney's translation of Beowulf (2000), I came upon this later translation of an ancient text, published posthumously in 2016. Is it perhaps time to start our Reconciliation? We know that, but in our endless activity, we indefinitely put off that final meeting with our Shadow.īut Thanatos is OUR shadow, and we will all meet him soon enough.Īnd as sons of Darth Vader, we all are CHILDREN of grim Thanatos, too. ![]() for all our beginnings are in a Blighted Garden. So, "in my beginning is my end," to quote Four Quartets. Perhaps as consumers of family films with predictably happy endings we smile wistfully when young Luke Skywalker's father, Darth Vader, is unveiled as both his nemesis and his own blood. Oh, it's not so bad, as Keats tells us in such ruminative works as Ode to a Nightingale - this sighing "being half in love with Death" - for, to go further, this Reality Principle of our End DOES promise peace when its blues begin to court our souls. And we must begin to move to a slower, more sombre and a very Different Drummer! So the final stage of our too-short lives must be Synced to that Kingdom's Elegiac Poetry. In fact, it's just around the corner, that mournful forever world of penance and reconciliation that Virgil - translated by Nobel laureate Heaney - describes so perfectly here. Those syllables in which the vowel is followed by two consonants (one or both of which may be in the next syllable) are long by position.Everyone, in these fast-paced consumer-driven times, seems to forget so easily that the ultimate and eternal destination in our lives is the Kingdom of Thanatos. A syllable that ends in X or (sometimes) Z is long by position because X or (sometimes) Z counts as a double consonant.However, ch, ph, and th do not count as double consonants.Įxtra Linguistic Information: The 2 consonant sounds are and for X and and for Z.They are the equivalent of the Greek letters Chi, Phi, and Theta. For qu and sometimes gu, the u is really a glide sound rather than a vowel, but it doesn't make the q or g into a double consonant.When the second consonant is an l or an r, the syllable may or may not be long by position.When the l or r is the first consonant, it counts towards the position. When a word ends in a vowel or a vowel followed by an m and the first letter of the next word is a vowel or the letter "h", the syllable ending in a vowel or an "m" elides with the next syllable, so you don't mark it separately.Įxtra Linguistic Information: The consonants and are called liquids and are more sonorant (closer to vowels) than stop consonants and.Ar-ma vi-You may put short marks over the 2 short syllables.Įxtra Linguistic Information: The counts as aspiration or rough breathing in Greek, rather than a consonant.(If you aren't bolding the long syllables, you should mark the shorts, perhaps with a υ, and mark the longs with a long mark ‾ over them: ‾υυ.) This is the first foot. You should put a line (|) after it to mark the foot's end. It looks as though the second foot is as simple as the first: The next and all succeeding feet begin with a long syllable as well. rum-que ca-The second foot is just like the first. ![]() No problem so far, but then look what comes next. It's all long syllables: nô, Trô- iae quî prî Have no fear. One long syllable is the equivalent of 2 shorts. (Mind you, you can't use two shorts for the start of a dactyl.) Therefore, a dactyl can be long, short, short, or long, long and that's what we've got. ô-rîsOne extra bonus is that it doesn't matter whether the final syllable is long or short.What we have left is the same pattern we saw for the 3rd and 4th feet, two longs: prî-mus ab We just need one more syllable to make the 6 dactyls of a line of dactylic hexameter.iae quî and then prî becomes the long syllable in a regular dactyl.The long, long syllable is called a spondee, so technically, you should say that a spondee can substitute for a dactyl. Tip: This customary ‾ x final foot makes it possible to work backward from the last two syllables if the passage is tricky. Rowling’s Harry Potter series may wish to compare the irony that the evil wizard Vold (.)ġ For the most part, Aeneid 1–4, a third part of the epic overall, is set in Carthage. In the larger scheme of things, this detour via Africa appears to be an accident. After the extended proem (1.1–33), Virgil begins his narrative proper medias in res with Aeneas and his crew on their way from Sicily to the Italian mainland. Yet the sight of the Trojan refugees about to reach their final destination stirs the hero’s divine arch-enemy Juno, who already figured prominently in the extended proem, into action. The violent storm she unleashes with the help of the wind-god Aeolus does not end in the desired outcome (wrecking of the ships and mass drowning). ![]() In the present, click on the red button on the left wall. Grab the cube and place it next to the panel that drops down when you step on the red button. Then go to the future tense and grab the cube from there. Carry it now and put it on the red button. Stand on the platform that has lowered, grab the cube standing next to it (from the present). As a result, the cube will disappear from the future, the platform will rise up, and you along with it. Place the real cube on the red button in the niche and leave the room. Move to the present and place the cube on the red button. Go through the time portal to the future, take the cube and return with it to the present. Place the item on the second red button and leave the location. Grab the cube in the present and carry it over the wall with the time portal. Move through the teleport to the future, take the cube behind the wall and place it on the red button. Level passed!Īdvice . Although the cube cannot be moved from the present to the future, you can do it in the reverse order. Level 2Īdvice . Now you will learn how to manipulate cubes in the present and future tense. By moving the cube in the present, you influence its position in the future. On the other hand, you can freely carry the cube into the future tense and even return it to the present. After all, this time has already come! Finally, note that you cannot move the cube from the present to the future tense. It will simply evaporate. The same will happen if you try to carry the cube through the blue energy barrier. Level 1Īfter the introductory words, turn around and go through the green portal. This is the same time portal. And you will move into the future, 20 years ahead, seeing the destroyed laboratory. If you carefully examine the huge banner with the numbers “01”, it will become obvious – there are 25 different levels in the game (according to the inscription “1/25” in the lower left corner). After words from the AI, click on the red button in front to open the time portal on the left and return to the present. Go to the exit. The main feature of this free modification for the game Portal 2 (do not forget that you still need to purchase the Steam version of the second part to launch it) – in addition to the two usual portals (blue and orange), a time portal appears. It allows you to move between the laboratory in the present (when everything is whole and new) and the future (20 years ahead, to the destroyed laboratory). ![]() Was this article helpful? 0% of 0 players found this article helpful.A detailed guide to all 25 levels of the popular Reloaded fan mod for Portal 2 To optimize the player experience, we’ve changed a few fonts and animations. Since Flash and HTML5 are different technologies, some fonts and animations available on Flash may not be available on HTML5. Click here to learn how to update Google Chrome. Yes, you'll need to update Chrome to the latest version for the best playing experience. We recommend everybody play the HTML5 version of Bejeweled Blitz on the latest update for one of these browsers. HTML5 is only available on Edge, Chrome, and Safari. If you're still having trouble with the game loading, please contact us to help get you back in the game. We've optimized the game for players on older systems, so a few gems may shine and play differently. Loading time on HTML5 may take longer based on your PC or laptop configuration. You’ll be able to play the HTML5 version of Bejeweled Blitz soon. We’re slowly rolling out the HTML5 game to everybody to ensure consistency. Since most browsers will stop supporting Flash, Bejeweled Blitz will only be available on HTML5. It became popular in recent years after major companies adopted it. HTML5 is a programming language used to design web pages and apps. We are slowly migrating all our existing players to the new HTML5 version of the game to ensure an uninterrupted experience. All web-based apps, games, and websites are switching from Flash to HTML5, including Bejeweled Blitz for Facebook. Read on to learn more about playing with HTML5.Īdobe announced that it will stop updating the Flash Player at the end of 2020. Bejeweled Blitz for Facebook is now available in HTML5. ![]() These are the people who will seek out the hotels and resorts with designated programs and multi-day retreats operated by trusted health and medical practitioners and other wellness professionals who can guide them on the path to reaching their health goals. ![]() Still others will want to make their health and wellbeing a new focus, but will not know where to begin. Simple new lifestyle habits and practices such as making healthy food choices, getting a better night’s sleep, making time for fitness activities, taking time to enjoy the multi-benefits of being out in nature, and making a concerted effort to nurture one’s mental health will be even more in demand. People who might not even consider themselves to be part of the ‘wellness travel’ surge will become so based simply on the fact that they will be making their personal health and wellbeing a top priority at home and, subsequently, taking those newly formed habits and practices with them when they travel. Industry research tells us that it is those who already live their lives with health as a core value who have been the main drivers behind the unprecedented growth of the wellness tourism industry over the last decade. I am optimistic that as the tourism industry begins to recover, that overriding concern about personal health will continue to remain a focus. Under the heavy burden of this global pandemic, and witnessing that it has been the elderly and those with underlying health conditions who have paid the greatest toll, it has become so much easier to accept the age-old adage coined by the poet Virgil: “the greatest wealth is health.” While we cannot stop the clock on the chronological ageing process, we can do something about our biological ageing as well as several of those ‘underlying health conditions’ by simply placing a greater value on our health. Once social distancing restrictions are lifted, borders are reopened, hotels and resorts open their doors, more planes take to the skies, and we have made the decision to leave our homes for leisure excursions, our personal health and safety will top our list of priorities. Here’s why:įor many, the concept of personal health through proactive self-care has become, and will continue to be, a new priority in our lives. For hospitality brands and destination management organizations, this may be the time to consider breaking into the wellness space. ![]() I play a few games in my breaks through each day. I have time to only play against the computer. I play at the hard level, I love this Backgammon HD. My last review was August 22, 2021, I achieved LEVEL 100, playing against the computer. Unlimited “Undo” in single-player games Move-Assist, highlights available moves ![]() On the phone Multiplayer and Bluetooth peer to peer games Match support! Play to 3, 5, 9 or 15 points with Doubling. Single Player Games (with Easy, Medium, or Hard) Background match-making: search for opponents while you play! With integrated Bluetooth Peer-to-Peer support you can play with your friends over Bluetooth with no network required! You can also play against the computer in either Easy, Medium, or Hard difficulties. Nackgammon is a more challenging variation designed to add more creativity and skill to the game. “Old English” is the most popular game variation in England. We also offer, out of the box, two classic game variations: “Old English” and Nackgammon. Playing on the history of the game, there are 6 visually pleasing, rich board designs Egyptian, Roman, Medieval, Victorian, Modern and Classic. ** Nominated for “best dice game of 2009 in the 2009 Best App Ever Awards hosted by !īackgammon is believed to have started in Persia, eventually finding its way to Britain with the Roman conquest in the 1st century and was played by Emperor Claudius who even had his carriage equipped with a playing board! It became such a gambling mania that it was declared illegal under the Republic. ** “Backgammon Premium is the crème-de-la-crème ‘gammon’” 9 out of 10 stars ! ** Recommended by MacWorld as a Top Download for your iPhone, iPod Touch, or iPad in their November 2010 issue. ![]() Challenge your friends, play against random opponents, compete for leaderboard glory, and earn achievements. Play the #1 Backgammon on the App Store! Now with the best online Backgammon experience with background match-making and two ways to play online: Turn-based gameplay or live games via Game Center. ![]() Each individual's success depends on his or her background,ĭedication, desire and motivation. To represent or guarantee that anyone will achieve the same or similar results. The testimonials and examples used are exceptional results, and don't apply to the average purchaser and are not intended will automatically create it for you.įinally, you can use Sonority to mix and merge multiple different audio files (voice-overs and music both) into an audio-track for your videos, podcast, courses and more.Įvery effort has been made to accurately represent our product and it's potential.Īny claims made of actual earnings or examples of actual results can be verified upon request. Simply pick the type of music you like from 15 different categories and the A.I. on complete autopilot, without being a musician or artist. created music or gives you the ability to create unique music-tracks for your videos using A.I. Sonority also lets you pick from 1000+ A.I. ![]() Sonority let’s you pick from over 15 different voice-over articles, copy-paste your text and convert it into human-like voice in just a click. PLUS as a user, you do not need to add any API key or pay extra for credits. The voice-overs created are far superior and human-sounding than what Amazon Polly or Wavenet can produce. No other text-to-speech and music-track apps even comes close to what Sonority does. The guitar, its technique, repertoire, and exponents.Sonority is a cloud-based voice-over and music-track synthesizer app that lets you create audio-tracks for your videos or podcast. Resource for historians, musicologists, and other musicians to better understand the historical process of This research concerning two guitar masterworks in nineteenth century Spain, will be an indispensable Historians and musicologists who do not have prior knowledge of guitar history and literature. The primary objective for investigating the value of these two ambitious works, is to benefit N3 contain musical features in the Classical style andįinally a conclusion addressing these masterworks as two essential references for the study of the To ensure the Grand Solo Op.14 and Rondo Op2. These pieces in the guitar repertoire the biographies of Sor and Aguado a brief definition of Classicism The outline of this qualitative research will be divided in four parts: the relevance and weight of The guitar sonority which defined the Classical era. ![]() This study presents two musical examples which can depict and represent N3 in rondo form both forms were typical musical structures Synthesize the style and guitar writing of the Classical Movement in Spain. It will explain why Grand Solo Op.14 and Rondo Op2. This document will focus on two guitar masterworks: Fernando Sor's Grand Solo Op.14 andĭionisio Aguado's Rondo Op2. Instrument, guitarists had an array of new possibilities to explore in terms of sound and technique.įernando Sor (1778-1839) and Dionisio Aguado (1784-1849) were the main artists promoting andĪdvocating the six-string guitar as a serious concert instrument in Spain.2 The appearance of the six-string guitar changed guitar writing.1 With this new During the early nineteenth-century, the writing for classical-guitar elevated the instrument to These keyboards are ergonomic and essentially designed to prevent wrist strain and injuries. Just like a chair out there that prevents you from slouching, shrugging, or practicing any uncomfortable positions, there is also the right keyboard that helps improve your typing posture. A flat or negatively inclined keyboard is more ergonomically sound while seated upright or slightly reclined. A positive tilt is only harmless when your seat's backrest is sufficiently lowered. While this makes it simpler to access the back keys, it is bad for your ergonomics because it forces your wrists to always be extended upward. ![]() Most traditional keyboards have legs at the back that support the keyboard and tilt it upward. But the unfortunate angle between the wrists and the rest of the hand is the reason behind the built-up strain in the wrist muscles and joints. This plantation of wrists on desk surfaces is very common, and we often find the natural surface as our support. Make sure when your hands land on the keyboards, the wrists are straight but not planted on the desk surface. Your wrists ought to be parallel to and hovering above the keyboard. Maintain a straight wrist, fingers bent over the keys, and thumbs dangling close to the spacebar. Aim to avoid raising your wrists excessively. The ideal posture is when the keyboard falls below your elbow height when seated comfortably. ![]() The first thing to remember when using a keyboard is to activate the ergonomic typing posture consciously. Here are some tips for maintaining an ideal keyboard hand placement. Everything combined, from your chair to desk height, keyboard type to sitting angle, can align your body for a strain-free experience. Many things impact your hand placement on the keyboard. Here is how to follow ideal keyboard placement. Hence considering the modern and advanced types of keyboards and the emphasis on following the ideal keyboard finger placement chart, we will cover the basics of keyboard hand placement for ergonomic working. Though cure is often rest, physiotherapy, or exercise, you might need surgery to be performed in severe cases. This injury is due to unhealthy repetitive movements practiced over the years and can lead to elbow, upper arm, wrist, and even shoulder problems. A common issue with wrong keyboard placement is repetitive strain injury. Microtraumas that occur daily when working are often negligible but build up over the years they can lead to serious health problems and physical impurities. We often give enough attention to the right screen placement and the most comfortable viewing angle to minimize eye strain but do we care enough about keyboard hand placement?Īnd just because you don't feel a hint of pain after weird keyboard hand positions don't mean you are in for long-term keyboard strain problems. ![]() Another secondary factor that defines comfort and wellness in the workplace is the typing posture. Just because you have a cushion for your back, an ergonomic chair, and a perfectly heighted desk doesn't mean your entire body is at peace now. ![]() Just like that, this test provides fantastic facts about your personality and where you stand in the spectrum of innocence. When most of the people feels bored, they like taking quizzes to pass their time. This test link is only created for fun purposes, don’t take this purity test too seriously. There is no need to feel ashamed for any reason. It is convenient to take the quiz and feel horrible for not scoring high as your friends or family members. What else should I know about the Rice purity test? Moreover, if you are a teenager you can take Rice purity test for teenagers that is made available on our website. It helps you in order to participate in society gatherings and also by taking the rice purity test you can efficiently develop your personality. It is advisable to constantly check your test score once or twice a month to monitor how much you’ve improved. In that situation, the easiest way to observe yourself is to use the questionnaire created by Rice University students.Īfter taking the purity quiz, you can retake it after a span of month or 2 to 3 weeks, depending on your preference. Let’s say you don’t want to discuss your character with your friends or are apprehensive about consulting personality experts. It indeed suggests that you know how to control your private life effectively. For the eager to succeed they can be engaged in illegal acts, unaware of what they are committing, or living a misguided course in life. Youngsters are energized and eager to succeed and gain all the privileges of life rapidly, which leads them to take the shortcut. However, I suggest every learner to take this authentic rice purity test to accurately assess their personality. It helps you in understanding the personality and purity level of yourself. Statistical data of Rice purity test scores Why should I take Purity test? Nobody on this planet could be more corrupted than you are. You are so evil that nobody around you could score lower than you. You have probably checked off some moderately crazy things Just like most people who take this test. It seems that you’re quite new to the world. You’re maybe the most innocent person on this planet. Therefore, in order to properly assess the average score we have gathered the statistical data of average users who have taken the test and listed below to better understand the average results of quiz takers. Purity test has been taken by thousand of peoples around the world sinceit started from 2020. Moreover, the exact score meaning and statistical data is discussed in a table below.Īlso check: Rice Purity test for Virgins Rice Purity Score Statistical Chart While 0 to 50 shows that your score is too poor and you really need an improvement. However, 50 to 75 shows that you need improvement in yourself. 75 to 100 shows that you scored good and you are innocent. Rice purity test score varies from 0 to 100. There are 10 unspeakable acts, which each have a score of 5.There are 20 scandalous acts, which each have a score of 4.There are 20 raunchy acts, which each have a score of 3.There are 30 immoral acts, which each have a score of 2.There are 20 minor acts, which each have a score of 1.Distribution of score is based on the type of questions, same is defined as under: However type of questions and distribution of score to the each question is different. There are total 100 questions in Purity test. Moreover, there are several Purity quizzes of 500 questions are available. If your score is less then 60 to 70% you are somewhat pure, if you score more than 80% you are the purest as angle and an innocent person. The more you score the more pure or innocent you are. The result percentage varies from 0% to 100%. Purity test consists of 100 questions on the basis of its answers it calculates your result. If You are a fellow? A baddie? an uprising? Or a wholehearted devil soul? In return for a review of all your “unclean” behaviors chosen answers, the rice purity Test online will tell you about your innocence. While the Test has been revised on an ongoing basis since it was first created in 1924, the students argued that the present impurities of sexing are out of touch. The purity assessment quiz estimates the pureness rate once several answers are given by the user. Rice Purity Test modern is a revised version of the Classical Rice Purity Test, created by Ella Menashe and its closest buddy Grace Wetsel at Rice University. Take Purity Test What is Rice Purity test? ![]() Many investigators dislike the Pocock approach, however, because of its properties at the final stage of analysis. Of the three procedures described in the table, it provides the best chance of early trial termination. The Pocock approach uses the same significance level at each of the R interim analyses. Notice different approaches 'spend' or distribute the overall significance differently across the interim and final analyses. View the corresponding four rows in the middle of the table to determine critical values for each interim and the final analysis. In another situation with three interim analyses and a final analysis, R=4. On the other hand, had the choice been a Haybittle-Peto approach, the first test would be conducted with bound 3.0 and the final analysis at 1.96. If using O'Brien-Fleming approach, the interim analysis is conducted with bound 2.782 and final analysis with bound 1.967. Using these first two rows of the table, we find the critical values for the interim analysis and for the final analysis. Rįor example, if we plan one interim analysis and a final analysis, we will select the row in this table with R=2. The table is constructed under the assumption that n patients are accrued at each of the R statistical analyses so that the total sample size is \(N = nR\). These are illustrated in the following table for an overall significance level of \(\alpha = 0.05\) and for R = 2,3,4,5. ![]() There are primarily three schemes for selecting the boundary points which have been proposed. The boundary points are chosen such that the overall significance level does not exceed the desired \(\alpha\). At the \(r^\) interim analysis, the clinical trial is terminated with rejection of the null hypothesis if: Also, we let \(B_1, \dots, B_R\) denote the corresponding boundary points (critical values). We are adding to the dataset and analyzing the current set that has been collected. Suppose that the group sequential approach consists of R analyses, and we let \(Z_1, \dots, Z_R\) denote the test statistic at the R times of hypothesis testing. Again, let's focus more on the concepts than the statistical details. The group sequential analysis is defined as the situation in which only a few scheduled analyses are conducted. Usually this frequency of interim analyses detects treatment effects nearly as early as continuous monitoring. In fact, for most multi-center clinical trials, interim statistical analyses are conducted only once or twice per year. In most clinical trials, it is not necessary to perform a statistical analysis after each patient is accrued. Therefore, the frequentist approach to interim monitoring of clinical trials focuses on controlling the type I error rate. From a frequentist point of view, repeated hypothesis testing of accumulating data increases the type I error rate of a clinical trial. |